NYC Vital Records Births, Deaths and Marriages

NYC Vital Records Births, Deaths and Marriages Learn how and where to obtain birth, marriage, and death certificates and records from the five boroughs of New York City, including the dates for which NYC vital records are available, where they are located, and links to online New York City vital records databases. If you are looking for births, marriages, or deaths in New York, but outside of New York City, see New York State Vital Records. New York City Vital Records Division of Vital RecordsNew York City Department of Health125 Worth Street, CN4, Rm 133New York, NY 10013Phone:  (212) 788-4520 What You Need to Know:  Check or money order should be made payable to  New York City Department of Health.  Personal checks are accepted. Call or visit the website to verify current fees. Web site: New York City Vital Records New York City Birth Records Dates:  From  1910 at city level; some earlier records at borough level Cost of copy:  $15.00 (includes a 2-year search) Comments:  The vital records office has birth records since 1910 for those occurring in the Boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island. For birth records prior to 1910, write to Archives Division, Department of Records and Information Services, 31 Chambers Street, New York, NY 10007. Online ordering is preferred (through VitalChek)  and processed within 24 hours. However, this incurs both a processing fee, in addition to a shipping fee. Applications sent via postal mail must be notarized  and the processing time is at least 30 days, but there is not an additional processing fee. You can also order in-person for a $2.75 security fee in addition to the certificate fee. Birth records  prior to 1910  are available through the  municipal archives: Manhattan (from 1847), Brooklyn (from 1866), Bronx (from 1898), Queens (from 1898) and Richmond/Staten Island (from 1898).  The fee for online and mail orders is $15 per certificate. You can also visit in person and research in the microfilmed vital records for free.  Certified copies of identified records may be ordered over-the-counter and will be printed while you wait. The fee is $11.00 per copy. Self-service copying is not available for vital records.   Online: New York Births and Christenings, 1640–1962 (name index to selected records) New York City Death Records: Dates:  From  1949 at city level; some earlier records at borough level Cost of copy:  $15.00 (includes a 2-year search) Comments:  The vital records office has death records since 1949 for those occurring in the Boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens and Staten Island. For death records prior to 1949, write to Archives Division, Department of Records and Information Services, 31 Chambers Street, New York, NY 10007.  Online ordering is preferred (through VitalChek)  and processed within 24 hours. However, this incurs both a processing fee, in addition to a shipping fee. Applications sent via postal mail must be notarized  and the processing time is at least 30 days.* Death records  prior to 1949  are available through the  municipal archives: Manhattan (from 1795, with a few gaps), Brooklyn (from 1847, with a few gaps), Bronx (from 1898), Queens (from 1898) and Richmond/Staten Island (from 1898). The fee for online and mail orders is $15 per certificate. You can also visit in person and research in the microfilmed vital records for free.  Certified copies of identified records may be ordered over-the-counter and will be printed while you wait. The fee is $11.00 per copy. Self-service copying is not available for vital records.   New York City Marriage Records Dates:  From 1930 Cost of copy:  $15.00 (includes a 1-year search); add $1 for a second-year search, and $0.50 for each additional year Comments:  Marriage records from 1996 to present can be obtained in person from any office of the New York City Clerk. Marriage records from 1930 to 1995 can only be obtained from the Manhattan Office. Marriage records for marriages that took place in the past 50 years are only available to the bride, groom, or their legal representative. You can also obtain a marriage certificate with written, authorized notice from either spouse or by presenting the original death certificates if both spouses are deceased. Bronx Borough:City Clerks OfficeSupreme Court Building851 Grand Concourse, Room B131Bronx, NY 10451 Brooklyn Borough:City Clerks OfficeBrooklyn Municipal Building210 Joralemon Street, Room 205Brooklyn, NY 11201 Manhattan Borough:City Clerks Office141 Worth St.New York, NY 10013 Queens Borough:City Clerks OfficeBorough Hall Building120-55 Queens Boulevard, Ground Floor, Room G-100Kew Gardens, NY 11424 Staten Island Borough (no longer called Richmond):City Clerks OfficeBorough Hall Building10 Richmond Terrace, Room 311, (enter at Hyatt Street/Stuyvesant Place intersection entrance).Staten Island, NY 10301 Marriage  records  prior to 1930  are available through the  municipal archives: Manhattan (from  June  1847, with a few gaps), Brooklyn (from 1866), Bronx (from 1898), Queens (from 1898) and Richmond/Staten Island  (from 1898). New York City Divorce Records Dates:  From 1847 Cost of copy:  $30.00 Comments:  Divorce records for New York City are under the jurisdiction of the New York State Department of Health, which holds divorce records from  January 1963.Application for a Record of Divorce or Dissolution For divorce records from  1847-1963, contact the County Clerk in the county where the divorce was granted. Keep in mind, however, that New York divorce files are sealed for one hundred years. A few divorce decrees granted by the Court of Chancery from 1787-1847 are available in the  New York State Archives.

7 Steps to Finding Success If You Drop Out of College

7 Steps to Finding Success If You Drop Out of College Think you can’t be successful if you drop out of college? Think again. Some of the biggest companies in the world were started by entrepreneurs who never finished school. While there are skills and experiences and accomplishments that any aspiring successful person will acquire in college, if you happen not to have finished (or you find yourself having dropped out and spiraling in a fit of panic), remember that it isn’t necessarily the end of the world. Here are a few things you can do if you dropped out to get yourself back on a good track to success.1. Breathe.First take a deep breath and realize it’s your life. You are in control. If this is what you need and you can still accomplish what you want to in life without this degree? Then great. Start making concrete plans and working towards that goal.2. Keep learning.Education doesn’t necessarily end with school. Neither should yours. Continue learning as voraciously as possible- following what interests y ou most and what you’d need to know to expand your career outside of school. Don’t fall into ignorance or stagnation just because you needed to stop attending college.3. Keep taking risks.Dropping out to pursue other options is a big risk. If it pays off for you, continue thinking of other ways you can take calculated risks in pursuit of your destiny. Keep pushing for your dreams. You’ve already shown you have the guts. Persist!4. Find your real-life community.Just because you aren’t in college anymore doesn’t mean you don’t need professors and â€Å"classmates.† Find yourself mentors. Present yourself to people in your desired field  and show your willingness to learn. You’ll probably get a good recommendation out of it at some stage in your career. Similarly, find your crew of like-minded, similarly-oriented people who you can build your empire (or at least a business) with. Learn from each other and promote each other†™s work.5. Don’t ditch responsibilities.Whatever your new class equivalent is- show up for it. Don’t blow things off just because you aren’t technically required to show up anymore. Push yourself and give yourself grades! This is equally important for work. Get a job and show up at it- on time and consistently.6. Don’t be defensive.You can’t have it both ways. If you didn’t finish school, you can’t very well complain that other people did and it makes you feel bad. Remember you chose your priorities and your life. It was your choice. Be honest about why and don’t take any negativity  from anyone if they react unfairly.7. Be humble.Be willing to work from the bottom up. Get in on the entry level of whatever field you most want to work in. Be willing to start low on the totem pole. With a little humility and dedication, you probably won’t be down there long.

Work at Home and computers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Work at Home and computers - Research Paper Example As a result of the development of computer and internet technologies, it is possible for an India or Pakistani to work for an American company while staying at his home in India or Pakistan. Work At Home is a new term evolved in the professional world only because of the development of computers and internet technologies. This paper analyses the influence of computers on work at home jobs. The contributions of computers and internet are affecting human life both directly and indirectly. Many people believe that computers provide the answer to the heavy traffic problems on roads. It is a fact that most of the major roads in cities are not wide enough to avoid traffic problems, especially during morning and evening time when most of the professional are either going or leaving their offices. If the working professionals are able to work for their organization while staying at their home, traffic problems and pollution problems can be controlled up to certain extent. Thus work at home jobs can indirectly contribute to the big social problems like heavy traffic and environmental pollution. The concept of works at home has developed or evolved only because of the arrival of computers or internet. Without computers or internet, it is difficult for a professional to work from his home. Work at home jobs provides immense freedom or flexibility to the individuals in their profession. The homely environment will help professionals to work without any threats from the supervisors. While working in an office, a professional should always worry about the supervision of the superiors; however while working at home no such worries will haunt the professional. Many of the current working professionals complain that they are unable to achieve work-life balancing because of the heavy workloads. Work at home jobs can help the professionals to be with the family always and the complaints about the work-life imbalances could be

Quality Management and Continuous Improvement DB Week One Essay

Quality Management and Continuous Improvement DB Week One - Essay Example agement in assessing and investigating performance in order to ensure their services are valuable and adhere to established standards (Warren et.al, 2011). For example, cost of auditing workers, software, customer satisfaction and speed of executing services. Prevention costs are the expenses incurred in an effort to minimize appraisal and failure cost (Warren et.al, 2011). For example, the cost of inspecting check-in and check-out processes, evaluating the employee’s performance, inspecting cleanness of the rooms and the process of changing over the rooms at the client’s request. Internal costs are the expenses the hotel will incur in establishing poor services or products such before they are actually offered to the clients (Warren et.al, 2011). For example, inappropriate rooms, delays in check-in, check-out and cost of rearranging the room, repair of the rooms, unoccupied capacity, cost of motivating workers, cost of redirecting clients to other hotels. External failure costs are the cost related to defect in products or services after it has been offered to the clients (Warren et.al, 2011). For example, the customer dissatisfaction with the quality of rooms may cause them fail to continue visiting the hotel in the future. Cost of appraisal and external cost are very essential because they assist the management to evaluate how customers view the services and suggest what the management may do in order to increase customer

Namaste solar case study Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9250 words

Namaste solar case study - Dissertation Example If the current scenario continues the oil reserves will soon be exhausted. Moreover use of oil leads to flow of precious foreign reserves from the developing countries and sheds a negative impact on the balance of payments of an economy apart from causing environmental hazards. With increasing awareness the use of bio-fuel is increasing. Environmentalists opine that use of bio-fuel sheds less effect on the climate and decision makers reveal use of bio-fuel can lessen the pressure on balance of payments. The primary and major emission gas for Greenhouse Gases is carbon dioxide (CO2). When the carbon dioxide goes into atmosphere and changes the weather conditions, the bio-diversity will decrease through increase in temperature. 1.2 Types of energy 1.2.1 Renewable energy The introduction of bio-fuels will increase the prices of foods and also reduces the availability of food. The shortage of supply of food can be countered by increasing the productivity of agriculture. The bio-fuels obt ained from food crops are economically viable when the food prices are low and the prices of fuel are high. The globe witnessed high energy prices in 2000. The bio-fuel was made profitable with high energy prices coupled with low prices of food. The rise in prices of corn can lead to big losses for the processors of corn bio-fuels. The emerging markets of bio-fuels will provide new markets for forest resources and the net benefits will get accrued the local economies. The industries selling forest products are also likely to get benefitted. The negative effects will vary across regions. Bio-fuels can be utilized in electricity generation in the decades to come. The global industry of bio-power will bring enhanced prospects to the economy filled with natural resources. China, India, Latin America and Africa are the major gainers from the energy saved by improved cook stoves. China has saved 40 to 59 percent of its energy consumption by bringing 20 to 30 percent improvements in fuel e fficiency. Energy is needed for poverty alleviation in the developing countries. However, with the rise in income levels, a shift in trend of preferences has been noticed. Modernization of agriculture will provide spaces for biomass energy production (Zilberman, Rajagopal, Sexton, Hochman, 2008). 1.2.2 Non renewable energy The total green house emitted by some individual, product or organizations is termed as carbon footprint. It is difficult to calculate the total amount of carbon footprint due to unavailability of data. Carbon accounting is used to assess the GHG emissions of a nation or organization. Population, carbon intensity in the economy and economic output are the main influences behind carbon footprint. In order to decrease the level of carbon footprints, these agents are the target of individuals. If the size of the carbon footprints is known, strategies can be taken with the aim to reduce it with

Eros, Thanatos and the Depiction of Women in “a Farewell to Arms” Essay Example for Free

Eros, Thanatos and the Depiction of Women in â€Å"a Farewell to Arms† Essay A career as distinguished as that of Ernest Hemingway cannot simply be condensed into a handful of words. If one were to make the attempt anyway, no choice seems to be more fitting than â€Å"love, death and women†. These topics are constant companions throughout all of his work and indeed, his life. His 1929 masterpiece, â€Å"A Farewell to Arms†, is a particularly good example of this. In this paper, I will show how these recurring subjects – the fascinating interplay between Eros and Thanatos and the depiction of women – help shape this seminal work. To fully appreciate the tale told in the novel, and to better understand the aforementioned, seemingly inadequate three-word summary of Hemingway’s life, some key events in his biography should be made known. Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois. In his high school years, he wrote for the school newspaper and would go on to work for the Kansas City Star; these early journalistic experiences would influence his distinctive writing style. In 1918, he signed on to become an ambulance driver in war-torn Italy. On July 8, he was severely injured by a mortar shell and received a medal for bravery. During his sixth-month recuperation, he fell in love with a Red Cross nurse; after deciding to get married, she left him for an Italian officer. This traumatic experience would decisively shape his view of women. (â€Å"Wikipedia†) Hemingway would endure further trials throughout his life; shortly after the particularly difficult delivery of his son in 1928, he received word of his father’s suicide, foreshadowing his eventual demise by his own hand on July 2, 1961. Until then, he suffered through severe alcoholism, multiple divorces, crippling accidents, bouts of depression and dangerous war coverage. (â€Å"Wikipedia†) Taking this eventful existence into consideration, the importance of both Eros and Thanatos and the noteworthy depiction of women in â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† come as no great surprise; it is the latter which I will first examine more closely. Hemingway and, by extension, his works, have often been accused of misogyny; â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† is no exception (Wexler 111). Catherine, the main female character, â€Å"defines herself in terms of men† (Fetterley 67). When her late fiancee goes to war, she joins him as a nurse because of the â€Å"silly idea he might come to the hospital where [she] was [,] [w]ith a sabre cut [†¦] [or] shot through the shoulder [;] [s]omething picturesque† (Hemingway 19). Later on, her stereotypical wish to nurse her lover back to health even comes true when Frederic is placed in her care (Fetterley 67). She also shows a significant need for reassurance: â€Å"You are happy, aren’t you? Is there anything I do you don’t like? Can I do anything to please you? † (Hemingway 105). Her self-loathing and unhealthy self-image also reveals itself in this telling passage: How many [girls] have you [†¦] stayed with? [†¦] It’s all right. Keep right on lying to me. That’s what I want you to do. [†¦] When a man stays with a girl when does she say how much it costs? [†¦] I do anything you want. [†¦] I want what you want. There isn’t any me any more. (Hemingway 95-96) This section is a particularly damning example of misogyny; in effect, Catherine is asking Frederic how to be a whore, demeaning both herself and her entire sex in her quest to please her beloved at any cost (Fetterley 68). Catherine is far from the only victim of the sometimes debasing treatment of women in the book. During the retreat, the â€Å"girls from the soldiers’ whorehouse† (Hemingway 168) are loaded into a truck; one of the soldiers present remarks: â€Å"I’d like to be there when some of those tough babies climb in and try and hop them. [†¦] I’d like to have a crack at them for nothing. They charge too much at that house anyway. The government gyps us. † (Hemingway 168-169) This stunning disdain of female dignity makes apparent the utter disregard the soldiers have for women as human beings. A passage later on exemplifies this victimization and objectification of women during war even more clearly; when the retreating convoy picks up two virgins, their fearful demeanor leaves no doubt: there are only two roles for them on the battlefield – â€Å"whores if they are picked up by their own side, victims of rape if they are captured by the enemy†. (Fetterley 50) The contempt of the fair gender does not stop at the disparagement of women themselves; the very thing that makes them female is attacked. When the â€Å"gray leather boxes heavy with the packs of clips of thin, long 6. 5 mm. cartridges† are described as making the troops look â€Å"as though they were six months gone with child† (Hemingway 4), deadly implements of war are directly linked to pregnancy. This paints an unsettling picture of female biology itself as a source of death, not life, culminating in Catherine’s passing in the final chapter (Fetterley 62-63). This depiction of women as subservient to men, trying to fulfill their every need, is almost Puritanical in nature, hearkening back to the earliest, primary incarnations of the American myth. The fact that sexual gratification, not conception and childbirth – which is indeed presented as a â€Å"biological trap† (Hemingway 125) and, eventually, a death sentence – is extolled as the primary reason for a relationship shows, however, that Hemingway’s work is firmly in the subversive consummatory phase. Thankfully, the view of women presented in the novel is not wholly sexist. Catherine in particular manages to distinguish herself as a strong woman both in the beginning and the end of the novel, despite losing her identity to Frederic in the middle. Frederic’s courtship of Catherine starts with a literally stinging rejection; when he first tries to kiss her, he is rewarded with a â€Å"sharp stinging flash† of a slap (Hemingway 24). Thus, Catherine asserts her dominance, taking control of their early relationship. After Frederic manages to make her laugh, however, she quickly accepts his advances. (Wexler 114) Frederic’s intentions towards Catherine are less than noble to begin with: â€Å"I knew I did not love Catherine Barkley nor had any idea of loving her. This was a game, like bridge, in which you said things instead of playing cards† (Hemingway 29). Catherine, however, is not only aware of the deceptive nature of their faux-relationship, but actively addresses it: â€Å"This is a rotten game we play, isn’t it? [†¦] You don’t have to pretend you love me. † (Hemingway, 29-30) With the mutual acknowledgment of their pretense, Catherine is using Frederic just as much as he is using her – where he seeks to escape the horrors of the war with carnal gratification, Catherine needs someone to fill the hole left by her late fiancee. (Wexler 114-115) Despite the loss of self and neediness experienced by Catherine throughout most of the middle of the novel, her strong, confident side manages to reassert itself before her unfortunate demise in childbirth. Even though she faces her imminent death, the only thing on her mind is reassuring her husband: â€Å"Don’t worry, darling, [†¦] I’m not a bit afraid. It’s just a dirty trick† (Hemingway 292). This serenely selfless behavior is far removed from the desperate need to please she displayed earlier. As has hopefully become apparent, both death and life (or love, both physical and romantic) play a crucial role in â€Å"A Farewell to Arms†. In the following section, I will take a closer look at this compelling relationship between Eros and Thanatos. Since the novel takes place during the uncompromisingly brutal conflict that was World War I, Thanatos is always active. Eros always manages to weave its way into the proceedings, however, even gaining the upper hand at one point in the novel. In the beginning, however, Thanatos prevails (Flores 29). The reader is presented with uncompromising scenes of violence and carnage, but the horrors of war are met with stoicism by the protagonist Frederic Henry. The death of thousands barely qualifies for a single paragraph: â€Å"At the start of the winter came the permanent rain and with the rain came the cholera. But it was checked and in the end only seven thousand died of it in the army. † (Hemingway 4) Frederic also seems to have no particular reason for even being in the war; being in Italy seems to be enough (Flores 29). He is not driven by any particular ideological reason, either: â€Å"Abstract words such as glory, honor, courage, or hallow were obscene beside the concrete names of villages, the numbers of roads, the names of rivers, the numbers of regiments and the dates. †(Hemingway 165) Almost every character in the novel also engages in self-destructive behavior – excessive drinking. Seeking oblivion instead of actually facing the horrors of war, alcohol is a constant companion to all throughout the book (Flores 31). Even when Eros touches the characters in the beginning, it is only in its basest forms. The flirtatious Rinaldi seems incapable of real love, seeking only sexual gratification (Ganzel 587). And, as mentioned above, even the relationship of Frederic and Catherine starts out as a lie, filling a need in both of them not with love, but lust. As the story unfolds, however, the grip of Thanatos on Frederic begins to weaken. Following his injury on the battlefield, his stoicism and aloofness are only slightly fazed (Ganzel 594). During his extended period of recuperation in the hospital, Frederic and Catherine start developing real feelings for each other; learning about her pregnancy in particular shakes him to his core: â€Å"Her conception forces him into a continuum in which the death of another can subtract from his own life. † (Ganzel 579) During the Italian retreat, Thanatos tries to reassert its grasp on Frederic – but after not only witnessing, but being directly responsible for a number of deaths in a harrowing experience, he finally slips its grasp (Ganzel 595). Having truly fallen for Catherine, his new commitment to Eros is confirmed in his baptismal â€Å"farewell to arms† in the river. Frederic voices these new life-affirming thoughts after escaping the river: â€Å"I was not made to think. I was made to eat. My God, yes. Eat and drink and sleep with Catherine. †(Hemingway 206) Thanatos reclaims his power at the end of the novel after the deceptively light-hearted stay in Switzerland; in a cruel twist of fate, it is childbirth, the ultimate expression of Eros, that takes Catherine’s life, springing the biological trap and leaving Frederic to trudge out into the rain, forlorn (Ganzel 581). He poignantly laments his fate: â€Å"Poor, poor dear Cat. And this was the price you paid for sleeping together. This was the end of the trap. This was what people got for loving each other. † (Hemingway 283) Frederic is not the only one affected by an insidious turn of events like that, however; Rinaldi also becomes a victim of the biological trap, falling prey to syphilis (Hemingway 289). Thus, Thanatos is not only able to turn the lofty side of Eros – romantic love – against its followers, but even manages to turn its basest side into death. Thus, Frederic Henry is â€Å"the first completely developed example of what was to become Hemingways dominant motif: a man [†¦] who is forced to recognize the inevitability of death and the concomitant frustration of trying to secure something of value from its onslaught† (Ganzel 577). The â€Å"good soldier†, protected from feelings of loss and fear by an uncaring stoicism, loses his â€Å"gift† through love, only to reach the tragic realization that his newfound feelings can be turned against him. (Ganzel 578) This portrayal of life and death, distinctive of the â€Å"Lost Generation† of modernist authors, stands in stark contrast to earlier, romantic and playful depictions. Where Whitman is able to confidently boast â€Å"And as to you Death, and you bitter hug of mortality, it is idle to try to alarm me† (â€Å"Song of Myself† 1289), Hemingway’s view of death paints a much more sobering picture: If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to break them, so of course it kills them. The world breaks every one and afterward many are strong at the broken places. But those that will not break it kills. It kills the very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure it will kill you too but there will be no special hurry. (Hemingway 222) Even spring, once the ultimate symbol of hope and life flourishing anew, is turned into a mockery of itself. As Eliot aptly puts it: â€Å"April is the cruelest monthâ€Å" (â€Å"The Waste Land† 1), bringing only death and desperation to Frederic and Catherine. Winter, on the other hand, once the harbinger of struggles and hardship for the first pilgrims that reached the shores of America, is shown as peaceful, quiet, serene: â€Å"It was a fine country and every time that we went out it was fun. † (Hemingway 269) The future, once viewed with optimism, a â€Å"Manifest Destiny† to look forward to, suddenly looked much bleaker, an outlook colored by a war that defied belief. Compassion and courage were nowhere to be found, but cruelty abounded, as illustrated in this passage: â€Å"’If there is a retreat, how are the wounded evacuated? ’ ‘They are not. They take as many as they can and leave the rest. ’† (Hemingway 167) In conclusion, I hope that the importance of the changing influence of Eros and Thanatos and the questionable portrayal of women in â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† has become obvious. These topics appear in all of Hemingway’s works, with varying importance. Much of the novel becomes clearer when viewed through the lens of Hemingway’s biography. Taking into consideration some of the key points of his life I mentioned in the introduction, the autobiographical tendencies of the book should emerge – perhaps helping to make his overt machismo understandable, if not palatable. Most importantly, â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† does an excellent job of showing the reader the sheer insanity and, through the author’s unique style, the stark reality of war. Hemingway himself put it quite succinctly: â€Å"Never think that war, no matter how necessary, nor how justified, is not a crime. †Bibliography: * Eliot, T. S. The Waste Land. Project Gutenberg. http://www. gutenberg. org/files/1321/1321-h/1321-h. htm (Last accessed: 13. 08. 2013) * Fetterley Judith. The resisting reader: A Feminist Approach to American Fiction. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1978. * Flores, Olga Eugenia. Eros, Thanatos and the Hemingway Soldier. American Studies International, Vol. 18, No. 3/4 (Spring/Summer 1980), pp. 27-35. * Ganzel, Dewey. A Farewell to Arms: The Danger of Imagination. The Sewanee Review, Vol. 79, No. 4 (Autumn 1971), pp. 576-597. * Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. London, Arrow Books, 2004. * Wexler, Joyce. E. R. A. for Hemingway: A Feminist Defense of A Farewell to Arms. The Georgia Review, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Spring 1981), pp. 111-123. * Whitman, Walt. Song of Myself. University of Toronto RPO. http://rpo. library. utoronto. ca/poems/song-myself (Last accessed: 13. 08. 2013) * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway (Last accessed: 13. 08. 2013)

Why Mark Antonys Speech so Effective in Persuading his Audience :: essays research papers

Mark Antony's famous speech is a great example of a good speech. The ability of Antony to convince an audience, who at the beginning were against him, of his point of view is remarkable. I particularly love the way in which he is able to turn the word honorable around to in fact mean dishonorable. Antony confronts a crowd that is against him. In order to turn the crowd to his side he uses irony and rhetorical questions but without breaking his word, not to wrong Brutus, ?I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke? Antony indirectly persuades the crowd that Brutus was wrong in killing Caesar and that Caesar's death should be avenged. The use of rhetorical questions in Antony's speech causes the crowd to question what they once thought. "You loved him once, not without cause What cause withholds you then to mourn for him?? This rhetorical question goes against Brutus by questioning his speech in which he so greatly demonized Caesar. Now the crowd is starting to turn against Brutus in favor of Antony. The audience question themselves. This in turn makes them question what Brutus once told them. ?Perhaps Brutus manipulated us to make us think along his lines?, they may have questioned. He repeatedly states that ?Brutus is an honorable man?. The quote reveals much about the character of Brutus. Not only does Antony?s quote point, obviously, to the fact that Brutus is seen as an honorable man, but in its tone, it also raises questions as to whether this honor is suitably placed. Brutus is seen by all of Rome as a good man and Antony sees the self-important side of Brutus which has developed from this. He notices this and uses it against Brutus. Through repeatedly stating the idea that ?Brutus is an honorable man?, he then points out the fact that Brutus is claiming to be so ?honorable? because he murdered Caesar. Antony impressively turns the people from Brutus?s line of thought to his own. The respect from the people is not quite strong enough to hold when Brutus takes his supposed moral intentions and kills his friend Ceaser. Brutus? reputation, although good, is not good enough to cover such blatantly faulty motives, which were unnoticed before they were subtly pointed out by Antony. ?Brutus is an honorable man?. It is paradoxical how his words ring true with both truth and sarcasm. With Antony?s one brief line an entire portrait of Brutus is created.